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<pre><code><span class="keyword">macro_rules</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span> <span class="macro declaration public">println</span> <span class="brace">{</span>
    <span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="punctuation">$</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="punctuation">$</span>arg<span class="colon">:</span>tt<span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="punctuation">*</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span> <span class="operator">=</span><span class="operator">&gt;</span> <span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="brace">{</span>
        <span class="punctuation">$</span>crate<span class="colon">:</span><span class="colon">:</span>io<span class="colon">:</span><span class="colon">:</span>_print<span class="parenthesis">(</span>format_args_nl<span class="punctuation">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="punctuation">$</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="punctuation">$</span>arg<span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="punctuation">*</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="brace">}</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span>
<span class="brace">}</span>

<span class="keyword">mod</span> <span class="module declaration">panic</span> <span class="brace">{</span>
    <span class="keyword">pub</span> <span class="keyword">macro</span> <span class="macro declaration public">panic_2015</span> <span class="brace">{</span>
        <span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span> <span class="operator">=</span><span class="angle">&gt;</span> <span class="parenthesis">(</span>
            panic<span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal">"explicit panic"</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span>
        <span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="comma">,</span>
        <span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="punctuation">$</span>msg<span class="colon">:</span>literal <span class="punctuation">$</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="comma">,</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="punctuation">?</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span> <span class="operator">=</span><span class="angle">&gt;</span> <span class="parenthesis">(</span>
            panic<span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="punctuation">$</span>msg<span class="parenthesis">)</span>
        <span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="comma">,</span>
        <span class="comment">// Use `panic_str` instead of `panic_display::&lt;&str&gt;` for non_fmt_panic lint.</span>
        <span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="punctuation">$</span>msg<span class="colon">:</span>expr <span class="punctuation">$</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="comma">,</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="punctuation">?</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span> <span class="operator">=</span><span class="angle">&gt;</span> <span class="parenthesis">(</span>
            panic_str<span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="punctuation">$</span>msg<span class="parenthesis">)</span>
        <span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="comma">,</span>
        <span class="comment">// Special-case the single-argument case for const_panic.</span>
        <span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal">"{}"</span><span class="comma">,</span> <span class="punctuation">$</span>arg<span class="colon">:</span>expr <span class="punctuation">$</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="comma">,</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="punctuation">?</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span> <span class="operator">=</span><span class="angle">&gt;</span> <span class="parenthesis">(</span>
            panic_display<span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="punctuation">&</span><span class="punctuation">$</span>arg<span class="parenthesis">)</span>
        <span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="comma">,</span>
        <span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="punctuation">$</span>fmt<span class="colon">:</span>expr<span class="comma">,</span> <span class="punctuation">$</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="punctuation">$</span>arg<span class="colon">:</span>tt<span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="punctuation">+</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span> <span class="operator">=</span><span class="angle">&gt;</span> <span class="parenthesis">(</span>
            panic_fmt<span class="parenthesis">(</span>const_format_args<span class="punctuation">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="punctuation">$</span>fmt<span class="comma">,</span> <span class="punctuation">$</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="punctuation">$</span>arg<span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="punctuation">+</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span>
        <span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="comma">,</span>
    <span class="brace">}</span>
<span class="brace">}</span>

<span class="keyword">macro_rules</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span> <span class="macro declaration public">toho</span> <span class="brace">{</span>
    <span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span> <span class="operator">=</span><span class="operator">&gt;</span> <span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="punctuation">$</span>crate<span class="colon">:</span><span class="colon">:</span>panic<span class="punctuation">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal">"not yet implemented"</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="punctuation">$</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="punctuation">$</span>arg<span class="colon">:</span>tt<span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="punctuation">+</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span> <span class="operator">=</span><span class="operator">&gt;</span> <span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="punctuation">$</span>crate<span class="colon">:</span><span class="colon">:</span>panic<span class="punctuation">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal">"not yet implemented: {}"</span><span class="comma">,</span> format_args<span class="punctuation">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="punctuation">$</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="punctuation">$</span>arg<span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="punctuation">+</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
<span class="brace">}</span>

<span class="keyword">macro_rules</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span> <span class="macro declaration public">reuse_twice</span> <span class="brace">{</span>
    <span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="punctuation">$</span>literal<span class="colon">:</span>literal<span class="parenthesis">)</span> <span class="operator">=</span><span class="operator">&gt;</span> <span class="brace">{</span><span class="brace">{</span>stringify<span class="punctuation">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="punctuation">$</span>literal<span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span> format_args<span class="punctuation">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="punctuation">$</span>literal<span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="brace">}</span><span class="brace">}</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
<span class="brace">}</span>

<span class="keyword">use</span> <span class="unresolved_reference">foo</span><span class="operator">::</span><span class="unresolved_reference">bar</span> <span class="keyword">as</span> <span class="variable declaration">baz</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
<span class="keyword">trait</span> <span class="trait declaration">Bar</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="unresolved_reference">Baz</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
<span class="keyword">trait</span> <span class="trait declaration">Foo</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="trait">Bar</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>

<span class="keyword">fn</span> <span class="function declaration">main</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span> <span class="brace">{</span>
    <span class="keyword">let</span> <span class="variable declaration">a</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="char_literal">'</span><span class="escape_sequence">\n</span><span class="char_literal">'</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="keyword">let</span> <span class="variable declaration">a</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="char_literal">'</span><span class="escape_sequence">\t</span><span class="char_literal">'</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="keyword">let</span> <span class="variable declaration">a</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="char_literal">'\e'</span><span class="semicolon">;</span> <span class="comment">// invalid escape</span>
    <span class="keyword">let</span> <span class="variable declaration">a</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="char_literal">'e'</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="keyword">let</span> <span class="variable declaration">a</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="char_literal">' '</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="keyword">let</span> <span class="variable declaration">a</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="char_literal">'</span><span class="escape_sequence">\u{48}</span><span class="char_literal">'</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="keyword">let</span> <span class="variable declaration">a</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="char_literal">'</span><span class="escape_sequence">\u{4823}</span><span class="char_literal">'</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="keyword">let</span> <span class="variable declaration">a</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="char_literal">'</span><span class="escape_sequence">\x65</span><span class="char_literal">'</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="keyword">let</span> <span class="variable declaration">a</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="char_literal">'</span><span class="escape_sequence">\x00</span><span class="char_literal">'</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>

    <span class="keyword">let</span> <span class="variable declaration">a</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="byte_literal">b'</span><span class="escape_sequence">\xFF</span><span class="byte_literal">'</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>

    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"Hello </span><span class="escape_sequence">{{</span><span class="string_literal macro">Hello</span><span class="escape_sequence">}}</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="comment">// from https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index.html</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"Hello"</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>                 <span class="comment">// =&gt; "Hello"</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"Hello, </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">!"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="string_literal macro">"world"</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>   <span class="comment">// =&gt; "Hello, world!"</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"The number is </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">1</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>   <span class="comment">// =&gt; "The number is 1"</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="format_specifier">?</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="parenthesis macro">(</span><span class="numeric_literal macro">3</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">4</span><span class="parenthesis macro">)</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>          <span class="comment">// =&gt; "(3, 4)"</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="variable">value</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="variable declaration macro">value</span><span class="operator macro">=</span><span class="numeric_literal macro">4</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>      <span class="comment">// =&gt; "4"</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro"> </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">1</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">2</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>           <span class="comment">// =&gt; "1 2"</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="numeric_literal">0</span><span class="numeric_literal">4</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">42</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>             <span class="comment">// =&gt; "0042" with leading zerosV</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="numeric_literal">1</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro"> </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro"> </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="numeric_literal">0</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro"> </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">1</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">2</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>   <span class="comment">// =&gt; "2 1 1 2"</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="variable">argument</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="variable declaration macro">argument</span> <span class="operator macro">=</span> <span class="string_literal macro">"test"</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>   <span class="comment">// =&gt; "test"</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="variable">name</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro"> </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">1</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="variable declaration macro">name</span> <span class="operator macro">=</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">2</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>          <span class="comment">// =&gt; "2 1"</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="variable">a</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro"> </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="variable">c</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro"> </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="variable">b</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="variable declaration macro">a</span><span class="operator macro">=</span><span class="string_literal macro">"a"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="variable declaration macro">b</span><span class="operator macro">=</span><span class="char_literal macro">'b'</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="variable declaration macro">c</span><span class="operator macro">=</span><span class="numeric_literal macro">3</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>  <span class="comment">// =&gt; "a 3 b"</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="escape_sequence">{{</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="escape_sequence">}}</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">2</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>                       <span class="comment">// =&gt; "{2}"</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"Hello </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="numeric_literal">5</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">!"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="string_literal macro">"x"</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"Hello </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="numeric_literal">1</span><span class="format_specifier">$</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">!"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="string_literal macro">"x"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">5</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"Hello </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="numeric_literal">1</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="numeric_literal">0</span><span class="format_specifier">$</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">!"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">5</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="string_literal macro">"x"</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"Hello </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="variable">width</span><span class="format_specifier">$</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">!"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="string_literal macro">"x"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="variable declaration macro">width</span> <span class="operator macro">=</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">5</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"Hello </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="format_specifier">&lt;</span><span class="numeric_literal">5</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">!"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="string_literal macro">"x"</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"Hello </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="format_specifier">-</span><span class="format_specifier">&lt;</span><span class="numeric_literal">5</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">!"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="string_literal macro">"x"</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"Hello </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="format_specifier">^</span><span class="numeric_literal">5</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">!"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="string_literal macro">"x"</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"Hello </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="format_specifier">&gt;</span><span class="numeric_literal">5</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">!"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="string_literal macro">"x"</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"Hello </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="format_specifier">+</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">!"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">5</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="format_specifier">#</span><span class="variable">x</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">!"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">27</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"Hello </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="numeric_literal">0</span><span class="numeric_literal">5</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">!"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">5</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"Hello </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="numeric_literal">0</span><span class="numeric_literal">5</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">!"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">-</span><span class="numeric_literal macro">5</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="format_specifier">#</span><span class="numeric_literal">0</span><span class="numeric_literal">10</span><span class="variable">x</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">!"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">27</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"Hello </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="numeric_literal">0</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro"> is </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="numeric_literal">1</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="format_specifier">.</span><span class="numeric_literal">5</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="string_literal macro">"x"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">0.01</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"Hello </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="numeric_literal">1</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro"> is </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="numeric_literal">2</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="format_specifier">.</span><span class="numeric_literal">0</span><span class="format_specifier">$</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">5</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="string_literal macro">"x"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">0.01</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"Hello </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="numeric_literal">0</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro"> is </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="numeric_literal">2</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="format_specifier">.</span><span class="numeric_literal">1</span><span class="format_specifier">$</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="string_literal macro">"x"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">5</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">0.01</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"Hello </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro"> is </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="format_specifier">.</span><span class="format_specifier">*</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span>    <span class="string_literal macro">"x"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">5</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">0.01</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"Hello </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro"> is </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="numeric_literal">2</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="format_specifier">.</span><span class="format_specifier">*</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span>   <span class="string_literal macro">"x"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">5</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">0.01</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"Hello </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro"> is </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="variable">number</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="format_specifier">.</span><span class="variable">prec</span><span class="format_specifier">$</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="string_literal macro">"x"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="variable declaration macro">prec</span> <span class="operator macro">=</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">5</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="variable declaration macro">number</span> <span class="operator macro">=</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">0.01</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">, `</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="variable">name</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="format_specifier">.</span><span class="format_specifier">*</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">` has 3 fractional digits"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="string_literal macro">"Hello"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">3</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="variable declaration macro">name</span><span class="operator macro">=</span><span class="numeric_literal macro">1234.56</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">, `</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="variable">name</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="format_specifier">.</span><span class="format_specifier">*</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">` has 3 characters"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="string_literal macro">"Hello"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">3</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="variable declaration macro">name</span><span class="operator macro">=</span><span class="string_literal macro">"1234.56"</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">, `</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="variable">name</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="format_specifier">&gt;</span><span class="numeric_literal">8</span><span class="format_specifier">.</span><span class="format_specifier">*</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">` has 3 right-aligned characters"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="string_literal macro">"Hello"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">3</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="variable declaration macro">name</span><span class="operator macro">=</span><span class="string_literal macro">"1234.56"</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>

    <span class="keyword">let</span> <span class="punctuation">_</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="string_literal">"{}"</span>
    <span class="keyword">let</span> <span class="punctuation">_</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="string_literal">"{{}}"</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>

    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"Hello </span><span class="escape_sequence">{{</span><span class="escape_sequence">}}</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="escape_sequence">{{</span><span class="string_literal macro"> Hello"</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"Hello </span><span class="escape_sequence">}}</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="escape_sequence">{{</span><span class="string_literal macro">Hello</span><span class="escape_sequence">}}</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="escape_sequence">{{</span><span class="string_literal macro"> Hello </span><span class="escape_sequence">}}</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="escape_sequence">{{</span><span class="string_literal macro">Hello </span><span class="escape_sequence">}}</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="escape_sequence">{{</span><span class="string_literal macro"> Hello</span><span class="escape_sequence">}}</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>

    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">r"Hello, </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">!"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="string_literal macro">"world"</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>

    <span class="comment">// escape sequences</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"Hello</span><span class="escape_sequence">\n</span><span class="string_literal macro">World"</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="escape_sequence">\u{48}</span><span class="escape_sequence">\x65</span><span class="escape_sequence">\x6C</span><span class="escape_sequence">\x6C</span><span class="escape_sequence">\x6F</span><span class="string_literal macro"> World"</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>

    <span class="keyword">let</span> <span class="punctuation">_</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="string_literal">"</span><span class="escape_sequence">\x28</span><span class="escape_sequence">\x28</span><span class="escape_sequence">\x00</span><span class="escape_sequence">\x63</span><span class="invalid_escape_sequence">\xFF</span><span class="escape_sequence">\u{FF}</span><span class="escape_sequence">\n</span><span class="string_literal">"</span><span class="semicolon">;</span> <span class="comment">// invalid non-UTF8 escape sequences</span>
    <span class="keyword">let</span> <span class="punctuation">_</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="string_literal">b"</span><span class="escape_sequence">\x28</span><span class="escape_sequence">\x28</span><span class="escape_sequence">\x00</span><span class="escape_sequence">\x63</span><span class="escape_sequence">\xFF</span><span class="invalid_escape_sequence">\u{FF}</span><span class="escape_sequence">\n</span><span class="string_literal">"</span><span class="semicolon">;</span> <span class="comment">// valid bytes, invalid unicodes</span>
    <span class="keyword">let</span> <span class="punctuation">_</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="string_literal">c"</span><span class="escape_sequence">\u{FF}</span><span class="escape_sequence">\xFF</span><span class="string_literal">"</span><span class="semicolon">;</span> <span class="comment">// valid bytes, valid unicodes</span>
    <span class="keyword">let</span> <span class="variable declaration reference">backslash</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="string_literal">r"\\"</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>

    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="escape_sequence">\x41</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="variable declaration macro">A</span> <span class="operator macro">=</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">92</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="variable">ничоси</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="variable declaration macro">ничоси</span> <span class="operator macro">=</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">92</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>

    <span class="macro public">println</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="variable">x</span><span class="format_specifier">?</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro"> </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro"> "</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="unresolved_reference macro">thingy</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="unresolved_reference macro">n2</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="macro default_library library">panic</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"{}"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">0</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="macro default_library library">panic</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"more </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">1</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="macro default_library library">assert</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="bool_literal macro">true</span><span class="comma">,</span> <span class="string_literal macro">"{}"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">1</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="macro default_library library">assert</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="bool_literal macro">true</span><span class="comma">,</span> <span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro"> asdasd"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">1</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="macro public">toho</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"{}fmt"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">0</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="keyword">let</span> <span class="variable declaration">i</span><span class="colon">:</span> <span class="builtin_type">u64</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="numeric_literal">3</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="keyword">let</span> <span class="variable declaration">o</span><span class="colon">:</span> <span class="builtin_type">u64</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="module crate_root default_library library">core</span><span class="operator">::</span><span class="module default_library library">arch</span><span class="operator">::</span><span class="macro default_library library unsafe">asm</span><span class="macro_bang unsafe">!</span><span class="parenthesis unsafe">(</span>
        <span class="string_literal macro">"mov {</span><span class="variable">0</span><span class="string_literal macro">}, {</span><span class="variable">1</span><span class="string_literal macro">}"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span>
        <span class="string_literal macro">"add {</span><span class="variable">0</span><span class="string_literal macro">}, 5"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span>
        <span class="keyword macro">out</span><span class="parenthesis macro">(</span><span class="reg library macro">reg</span><span class="parenthesis macro">)</span> <span class="variable macro">o</span><span class="comma macro">,</span>
        <span class="keyword control macro">in</span><span class="parenthesis macro">(</span><span class="reg library macro">reg</span><span class="parenthesis macro">)</span> <span class="variable macro">i</span><span class="comma macro">,</span>
    <span class="parenthesis unsafe">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>

    <span class="keyword const">const</span> <span class="constant const declaration">CONSTANT</span><span class="colon">:</span> <span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="colon">:</span>
    <span class="keyword">let</span> <span class="keyword">mut</span> <span class="variable declaration mutable">m</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="macro default_library library">format_args</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="macro default_library library macro">concat</span><span class="macro_bang macro">!</span><span class="parenthesis macro">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"{}"</span><span class="parenthesis macro">)</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="string_literal macro">"{}"</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="macro default_library library">format_args</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro"> </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro"> </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro"> </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro"> </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro"> </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro"> </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="variable">backslash</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro"> </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="variable">CONSTANT</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro"> </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="variable">m</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="variable macro reference">backslash</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="macro default_library library macro">format_args</span><span class="macro_bang macro">!</span><span class="parenthesis macro">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="numeric_literal macro">0</span><span class="parenthesis macro">)</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="unresolved_reference macro">foo</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="string_literal macro">"bar"</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="macro macro public">toho</span><span class="macro_bang macro">!</span><span class="parenthesis macro">(</span><span class="parenthesis macro">)</span><span class="comma macro">,</span> <span class="variable macro reference">backslash</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
    <span class="macro public">reuse_twice</span><span class="macro_bang">!</span><span class="parenthesis">(</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="variable">backslash</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal macro">"</span><span class="parenthesis">)</span><span class="semicolon">;</span>
<span class="brace">}</span></code></pre>